Bee venom or melittin acupoint injection controls neuropathic pain in rats through the modulation of neuroinflammatory factors.

Researchers investigated whether bee venom acupuncture could help relieve nerve pain, a particularly difficult type of chronic pain caused by damage to the nervous system. In this animal study, scientists used rats with induced sciatic nerve injury to test whether injecting bee venom or its main active component, melittin, at the Zusanli acupuncture point (ST36) could reduce pain. The study examined both immediate pain relief and whether early treatment could prevent chronic pain from developing. The results showed that both bee venom and melittin significantly reduced pain sensitivity to mechanical pressure and heat in the rats. These pain-relieving effects lasted longer than traditional manual acupuncture and worked through the body's natural opioid pain-relief system. When administered early after injury, both substances helped delay the onset of chronic pain. Laboratory analysis of spinal cord and nerve tissue revealed reduced inflammation markers, suggesting that bee venom acupuncture works by calming inflammatory processes in the nervous system. Importantly, the treatment was effective in both male and female rats, though effects lasted somewhat longer in males. This research supports bee venom acupuncture, also called pharmacoacupuncture, as a promising option for managing neuropathic pain and potentially preventing acute pain from becoming chronic. While these are animal study results that require human clinical trials for confirmation, they add to the growing evidence for acupuncture-based integrative pain management approaches. Patients interested in bee venom acupuncture should seek treatment only from licensed acupuncturists with specialized training in apitherapy and pharmacoacupuncture techniques.

This preclinical study evaluated pharmacoacupuncture with apitoxin (bee venom) or its primary constituent melittin at ST36 for neuropathic pain management in Wistar rats with sciatic nerve constriction injury. Treatment was administered either on day 1 (preventive protocol) or day 15 (therapeutic protocol) post-surgery. Both apitoxin and melittin significantly increased mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds with longer duration than manual acupuncture alone. Analgesic effects were reversed by naloxone, confirming opioid pathway involvement. Early administration (day 1) successfully delayed chronic pain onset. Western blot analysis demonstrated significant reduction in neuroinflammation markers (IBA-1, GFAP, ERG) in both spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion tissues on days 19-20. Sex differences were observed, with male rats showing more sustained analgesic responses than females. Clinical implications suggest pharmacoacupuncture with bee venom or melittin at ST36 may offer both therapeutic and prophylactic benefits for neuropathic pain through neuroinflammatory modulation and endogenous opioid activation.